Botanical Garden

The Botanical Garden of Naples is one of the greater Gardens Italian Botanists for consistency of the collections and by extension, it makes part of the faculty of mathematical, physical and natural sciences. It was founded like independent institute, "Real Garden of the Plants " with scientific, educational purposes and technical, with decree of 1807 signed Giuseppe Bonaparte, preceded they give approximately two centuries of maturation and of tried to you, in how much the system of a Botanical Garden "be them " to Naples was previewed, for before the time, from the vicereale reform of the conte of Lemnos in 1615. This Garden never was not realized; however, between the end of the ' 500 and first of the 800, there was to Naples a closing of small gardens private botanists to work of citizens some of which were also studious of a sure level like Giovan Vincenzo Pinelli, Giovanni Batiste Of Porta and Domenico Cirillo.
The realization was cured from architects De Fazio and Paoletti. Two successes you decree (19 signed February 1810 from Gioacchino Murat and 26 to you signed July 1812 from resisting Carolina) specified the grandiosità of the systems. In fact for the realization some decades were necessary, huge sums were spold and were used the best cultural competences of the age.
Michele Tenor of was director until 1860: its conception of the botany like independent science and not like simple support to the medicine, carried it scientifically to organize the Garden in completely new way regarding previous "the Garden of the simple ones " in which medicinal plants were cultivated.
Currently, the activities carried out in the botanical Garden are multiple and regard the cultivation and the presentation to fine espositi you of the collections, the pure and applied search, the conservation of species vegetables in via of extinction and the Didactics.
This last one interests is university students, that they attend the normal schools run held in the Department of Biology vegetable, than students of the inferior medium schools and advanced that, annually, visit in great number the botanical Garden guides to you from specialistic staff; 12 hectares, 10,000 species present; nearly 25,000 exemplary group to you in collections, introduced, generally, second three various criteria: systematic, ecological and etnobotanico.
In some areas, in fact, they are introduced species pertaining to the same tassonomica category, as an example: the felceto, the area of the Gimnosperme, the citrus grove, the palm grove.
The citruses, although are integrating part of the landscape of some zones of southern Italy, are not original plants of the Mediterranean area, but, probably, of tropical and subtropicale Asia. Between the images introduced, one genetic particularitity: the Chimera from graft.
The Palms: in the botanical Garden, particularly between the Arecacee, a meaningful part of numerous the species is present existing.
In other zones plants with requirements are cultivated acclimatize them analogous: in appropriate bathtubs one immense representation of Ninfee; in the area better exposed, the so-called desert, is present from 1970, the Succulente, commonly understandings which fat plants.
In other fields, as in the Section they of the Officinali Plants Experiments, useful plants (medicinal, alimentary are cultivated, from essence, tintorie, weave them etc.).
In the higher part of the botanical Garden, the Califano greenhouses, constitute a modern endowed complex of systems of thermal conditioning and umidificazione.
They occupy a surface of approximately 5000 mq and they are made up of several atmospheres, that they receive numerous collections: the more important is without doubt that one of the Cycadales.
The Merola greenhouse, constructed in neoclassico style, built up little years after the foundation of the Garden, accommodates essentially tropical and subtropicali plants:
Situated in the castle, the Museum of paleobotanica and etnobotanica, introduces one collection of fossils, a filogenetico tree and one series of objects constructed with material vegetable.